跨声速压气机转子旋转失速现象的非定常模拟

为研究跨声速压气机转子失速机理,全周非定常数值模拟了某跨声速压气机单转子的失稳过程。结果表明:该转子由叶尖Spike扰动诱发旋转失速。在小流量稳定工作状态,压气机转子叶尖区域存在"旋转不稳定"(Rotating Instability,RI)流动现象。压气机节流过程中,转子进出口的流量降低,叶尖区流场非定常波动幅值增大。近失速状态时,RI扰动团的典型流场结构"径向涡"在叶尖区域形成堵塞,导致相邻叶片前缘间歇性地出现溢流现象。随着压气机进一步节流,转子叶尖的负荷达到极值,叶片通道尾缘逆压力梯度过大,出现倒流。尾缘倒流的出现又进一步增加通道内的堵塞,最终形成Spike扰动。失速先兆对应的流场结构是沿叶片前缘额线向相邻叶片压力面周向运动的"径向涡"结构。     

直升机机内PWM照明调光系统产生音频干扰问题的研究

在直升机机内照明调光领域，国外军机已广泛采用脉冲宽度调制（PWM）调光方式。PWM调光方式相比传统线性调光方式具有以下明显优点：效率高，调光范围宽，功耗小，带载能力强，附加损耗小等。但PWM调光系统的不足是电磁辐射，尤其会对机内通话系统产生音频干扰，在机通耳机中会出现明显干扰声，影响机内通话质量。本方案能有效抑制PWM...     

Saw-tooth substorms: Inconsistency of repetitive bay-like magnetic disturbances with behavior of aurora

The relationships between the magnetic disturbance onsets, aurora dynamics and particles injections at the geostationary orbit have been analyzed in detail for 25 sawtooth substorms. It is shown that inconsistency between the above signatures of the substorms onset is typical of the powerful sawtooth substorms, unlike the isolated (“classical”) magnetospheric substorms. The distinguishing feature of the aurora in case of saw-tooth substorms is permanently high level of auroral activity irrespective of the magnetic disturbance onsets and the double oval structure of the aurora display. The close relationship between the aurora behavior and the particle injections at geostationary orbit is also broken. The conclusion is made, that the classical concept of the substorm development, put forward by Akasofu (1964) for isolated substorms, is not workable in cases of the sawtooth disturbances, when the powerful solar wind energy pumping into the magnetosphere provides a permanent powerful aurora particle precipitation into the auroral zone.     

Effects of sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field on the upper mesosphere–lower thermosphere dynamics

In this paper we study the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity changes caused by the Earth passing through the IMF sector boundary on the dynamic processes taking place in neutral atmosphere within the altitude interval of the upper mesosphere–lower thermosphere (83–101 km). The analysis has revealed the influence of the IMF sector structure on dynamics of the upper mesosphere–lower thermosphere. There has been a significant seasonal variation of the wind reaction to the IMF polarity changes observed. The influence of the IMF polarity changes on neutral atmosphere dynamics within the altitude range of 83–101 km is most pronounced in the zonal component of neural wind when the IMF polarity changes from negative to positive in all the seasons except for spring and when IMF polarity changes from positive to negative – in spring only.     

基于准零刚度技术的微重力模拟悬吊装置设计与试验研究

微重力地面模拟试验对验证航天器在轨运行的可靠性有重要意义。通常采用低刚度悬吊装置模拟微重力环境,但存在着承载能力低和自振干扰的问题。为解决这些问题,文章提出了一种考虑弹簧自振的准零刚度悬吊装置。首先,通过合理简化推导了承载弹簧在装置中的自振频率计算式,并分析了准零刚度悬吊装置的工作原理,得出设计参数应满足的条件。然后,根据试验承载需求和位移要求提出了参数设计流程,依此流程设计得到了一种可调节平衡位置与几何参数的准零刚度悬吊装置。最后,对装置进行了静力测试与悬吊-隔振试验,结果表明,该装置不仅具有准零刚度特性和较大承载能力,而且解决了自振干扰的问题,能较好地模拟微重力环境。     

D-region ionospheric disturbances associated with the Extremely Severe Cyclone Fani over North Indian Ocean as observed from two tropical VLF stations

The D-region ionospheric disturbances due to the tropical cyclone Fani over the Indian Ocean have been analysed using Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio communication signals from three transmitters (VTX, NWC and JJI) received at two low latitude stations (Kolkata-CUB and Cooch Behar-CHB). The cyclone Fani formed from a depression on 26th April, 2019 over the Bay of Bengal (Northeastern part of the Indian Ocean) and turned into an extremely severe cyclone with maximum 1-min sustained winds of 250 km/h on 2 May, 2019 which made landfall on 3 May, 2019. Out of six propagation paths, five propagation paths, except the JJI-CHB which was far away from the cyclone track, showed strong perturbations beyond $3\sigma$ level compared to unperturbed signals. Consistent good correlations of VLF signal perturbations with the wind speed and cyclone pressure have been seen for both the receiving stations. Computations of radio signal perturbations at CUB and CHB using the Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) code revealed a Gaussian perturbation in the D-region ionosphere. Analysis of atmospheric temperature at different layers from the NASA’s TIMED satellite revealed a cooling effect near the tropopause and warming effects near the stratopause and upper mesosphere regions on 3 May, 2019. This study shows that the cyclone Fani perturbed the whole atmosphere, from troposphere to ionosphere and the VLF waves responded to the disturbances in the conductivity profiles of the lower ionosphere.     

航空发动机过渡态试验进气压力线性自抗扰控制方法

航空发动机高空模拟试车台过渡态试验中进气控制系统受扰严重,常规方法难以有效提升进气压力控制品质,提出了一种基于线性自抗扰的进气压力控制方法。采用机理建模和系统辨识手段搭建高置信度进气仿真平台,设计线性自抗扰控制器,实现对发动机扰动影响的实时预估和补偿,形成具有主动抗扰机制的进气压力控制方法。考虑实际使用中存在控制器手/自动及控制器间的切换问题,设计实用型无扰切换方法。仿真环境下,将该方法与比例积分微分(PID)进行对比,结果显示进气压力最大偏离值由7.69kPa缩小至0.9kPa,且能够快速收敛趋于稳定,表明了该方法无需发动机信息即可实现进气压力的有效控制,通用性高,抗扰性优,能够大幅提升发动机过渡态试验中进气系统的调节品质。      

Dryden型大气紊流对平流层飞艇能量最优轨迹影响

研究了常值风场作用下平流层飞艇的上升段轨迹优化和大气紊流对最优轨迹的影响问题。首先基于平流层飞艇的受力分析,建立了考虑常值风场、地球自转和飞艇质量变化等诸多因素的三自由度动力学模型,处理参数得到归一化的系统方程;其次采用直接配点法将平流层飞艇的最优轨迹问题转换为非线性规划问题,以最小能量为目标函数,给出非线性规划问题的求解策略,优化得出可行解后对飞艇的最优上升轨迹及相应的加速度项进行了分析,将优化的控制量代入微分方程验证了优化轨迹的准确性;最后加入Dryden型大气紊流的干扰,选取多组大气紊流干扰下的数据进行对比分析,仿真结果表明大气紊流叠加风场均值与飞艇终端位置误差存在一定规律,分析并提出了平流层飞艇抵御大气紊流干扰的策略。     

Multi-station observation of ionospheric disturbance of March 9 2012 and comparison with IRI-model

The magnetic storm of 9 March 2012 is a single step intense storm (Dst = −143 nT) whose main phase begins around 0100 UT and lasted for almost 11 h. The increases in NmF2 recorded 33% and 67% incidence respectively during the main and the recovery phase of the storm at the stations considered. The increase in hmF2 occurred concurrently with the increase in thickness parameter B0 between 0000 and 1100 UT, and a simultaneous decrease in the shape parameter B1 for the entire mid-latitude stations. Generally, B1 responded to the storm with a decrease away from the quiet day average, and decreased simultaneously with the increase in NmF2. B0 displays higher variability magnitude during daytime than the nighttime period. The occasional differences in the response of the ionospheric parameters to the storm event are attributed to longitudinal differences. Variation in hmF2 and NmF2 is projected to change in B1, but the rationale behind this effect on B1 is still not known and therefore left open. The two IRI options over-estimate the observed values with that of URSI higher than CCIR. The over-estimation was higher during the nighttime than the daytime for NmF2 response for the mid-latitude stations and the reverse for the equatorial station. A fairer fit of the model with the observed for all parameters over Jicamarca suggests that equatorial regions are better represented on the model. Extensive study of B1 and B0 is recommended to arrive at a better performance of IRI.     

最小二乘法在计量经济模型中的应用

本文从古典计量经济模型的建立谈起，又从异方差模型，自相关模型和联立方程模型中，论述了由最小二乘法派生出的加权最小二乘法、广义最小二乘法和间接最小二乘法等。